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Hardware benchmarks (e.g. error rates, Quantum Volume, CLOPS)
Hardware benchmarks quantify how capable a quantum processor is for running real workloads. Basic figures such as single- and two-qubit error rates or readout errors characterize the fidelity of elementary operations, but do not fully capture system-level performance. Aggregate metrics like quantum volume (QV) or circuit layer operations per second (CLOPS) instead quantify system-level measures such as throughput or connectivity. Together, such benchmarks guide hardware roadmaps, inform algorithm design, and should be interpreted as a complementary set rather than a single “score”.
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